The validation of hydrocodes for orbital debris impact simulation

Abstract

Orbital debris pose a danger for spacecraft in orbit. Protection against this threat is obtained by shielding. One or more shields placed at some distance from the structure to be protected can minimize the damage inflicted by projectiles at high velocity. The range of velocity between 0 and 8 km/s is well covered by tests. Unfortunately, the average velocity of debris in low earth orbit is above 10 km/s with a maximum velocity around 15 km/s. The methodology presented in this paper aims to validate the numerical approach. It will predict and extrapolate the behavior of multishock shields in the velocity range between 8 and 15km/s. The formation and propagation of the debris cloud, after perforation of the shields and the generation of damage in the backwall, are key factors. These phenomena are examined, discussed and illustrated with correlation between numerical simulation with EFHYD TM analytical formulae and test results.