Abstract
Vaccines have led to some of the greatest achievements in public health and are among the most cost-effective health interventions. Mass immunization programs have resulted in the global eradication of smallpox and the elimination of polio from the Western Hemisphere Europe and much of Asia while vaccines for diseases like measles pertussis and diphtheria have dramatically reduced childhood mortality worldwide. In the United States record high levels of immunization have been achieved for young children and in March 2005 the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) announced that rubella or German measles is no longer a health threat in the United States. Looking to the future the biotechnology revolution has enabled us to develop new vaccines for diseases once thought to be out of reach for prevention efforts. With the advent of antigen conjugation virus like particles recombinant technologies and other scientific developments nearly a dozen new vaccines are likely to become available soon for diseases such as human papillomavirus meningitis and rotavirus gastroenteritis. We are poised to reach another high point in prevention during the next two decades. (excerpt)
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