Abstract
Rabbit alveolar macrophage (RAM) and Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells were used in in vitro tests to evaluate the toxicity of particulate effluents from coal gasification, fluidized-bed combustion, and conventional coal combustion. Evaluation of the cytotoxicity of nine samples from coal energy-related processes showed that the sensitivity of the RAM assay was improved substantially when the test was conducted in serum-free media. A linear relationship was observed between percentage cell viability and ATP level in the particletreated cultures. In the RAM assay without serum the slope of the line was 1.0, which provided strong evidence that the mechanism of toxicity was similar in reducing cell viability and ATP. The cytotoxicity of the coal-related particles in the CHO clonal assay showed that the system was approximately equivalent to the RAM assay without serum. Conventional coal combustion fly ash (<3 μm) was the most toxic of the coal-related particles in the RAM and CHO system. Fluidized-bed combustion fly ash from a cyclone catch and fine (<3 μm) particles from the flue gas were also toxic in both cellular assays. Particles from the coal gasification process were the least cytotoxic in these studies.
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