Abstract
<p>The rate of energy needs in Indonesia has increased and the availability of derived fuel energy from fossil has waned. It became worse because of the increase of the population growth, followed by the accretion of life needs that impact on the increase of fuel needs. As much as 55 % fuel oil is used for household industry and transportation. This condition motivates the government to develop alternative energies which are cheaper, renewable and environmentally friendly. One of them is the utilization of sago waste to produce bioethanol as alternative fuel source to fulfill the energy availability in our country especially in the provinces. The Sago potential in Indonesia is ± 1 250 000 ha, where ± 1 200 000 ha of which is in Papua. Thus, Papua has the largest sago potential in the world. This study was conducted to produce clean combustion processes that are healthy, fuel saving and environmentally friendly. The research method consisted of three steps; they were the production of bioethanol from sago dregs using fermentation, the test of fuel characteristics of lower heating value using a bomb calorimeter and the measurement of combustion efficiency with water boiling test as well as heat release rate using a cone calorimeter. The fuel used was bioethanol from sago waste that contained 60 % ethanol.</p>
Highlights
Acceleration of infrastructure development, in the energy sector as the demand of fossil fuels is increasing in an inversely proportional rate to the energy supply available, and is unbalanced as, there are still area especially eastern Indonesian cities, that still lacks energy supply
Based on the characteristics of calorific value of lower heating value (LHV) which has already been tested in LEMIGAS, using ASTM-D.4809-09a., it was found that 60 % bioethanol fuel from the sago waste resulted in 14.584 MJ/Kg
The value from low level of 60 % bioethanol fuel could qualify for the combustion process
Summary
Acceleration of infrastructure development, in the energy sector as the demand of fossil fuels is increasing in an inversely proportional rate to the energy supply available, and is unbalanced as, there are still area especially eastern Indonesian cities, that still lacks energy supply. The Indonesian government encourages biofuel consumption by 5 % of Indonesia’s oil consumption, or 1.33 % of the total energy mix by 2025.The government set rules that will replace fuel oil 1.48 × 109 L of gasoline with bioethanol. It is estimated bioethanol requirements will increase by 10 % in 2011 to 2015, and 15 % in 2016 to 2025, the government require an average of 30.833 × 106 L of bioethanol / month [2].This condition motivates researchers to develop a cheaper alternative energy, renewable and environmentally friendly. Sago industry people in Papua is quite high produces dreg of waste sago disposed of into the environment so it heavily polluting environment, the research is carried to utilize sago dregs of bioethanol as a fuel for industrial use household fuel [4]
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