THE UTILIZATION OF CYTOPLASMIC MALE STERILE (CMS) AND RESTORER LINES IN THE DEVELOPING OF HYBRID RICE.

Abstract

The present investigation was conducted to determine the magnitudes of combining ability and heterosis obtained from hybrids three produced by utilization of CMS, maintainer and restorer lines in rice. The experiment was carried out during the two growing seasons of 2010 and 2011 at Rice Research and Training Center (RRTC) Farm, Sakha, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt. Twelve F1 hybrids were obtained from crossing three CMS lines as female parent with four restorer lines. These hybrids were evaluated along with their parents for genotypic variances. The analysis of variance revealed highly significant differences among genotypes, parents, parents vs. crosses for days to heading (day); plant height (cm); panicles plant-1; panicle length (cm); filled grains panicle-1; spikelets fertility% and grain yield plant-1 except parents vs. crosses for panicle length (cm). The variance among males (testers) were either significant of highly significant for all studied traits. The variances among crosses due to males and females (lines x testers) interactions, showed highly significant SCA effects for all the studied traits except for plant height (cm). The estimated values for variance of general combining ability (σ²GCA) were less than specific combining ability variance (σ²SCA) for all studied traits except plant height (cm). This result indicated the preponderance of non-additive gene action. It was supported by the ratio of (σ²GCA/ σ²SCA) which was less than one for all studied traits except for plant height (cm), indicating that the non-additive type of gene action played a major role in the inheritance of these traits. Heritability estimates in broad sense (h2b%) were high for all studied traits. However, heritability estimates in the narrow sense (h2n%) were moderate for days to heading (day) (44.58%), plant height (cm) (45.81%) and filled grains panicle-1 (53.80%) and low for the other traits. Three parental lines viz.; IR69625A; G46A and GZ9057-6-1-3-2 were identified as good general combiners for grain yield plant-1(g). Hybrid combinations as G46A x Giza178; IR69625A x GZ6296-12-1-2-1-1 and Large stigma A x GZ9057-6-1-3-2 showed high mean performances due to the presence of SCA effects.