The Utilization of Biomarkers in Stress-Related Diseases

Abstract

Various internal and external factors negatively affect the homeostatic balance of the individual at the whole-body level and cause a state of stress. Stress affects the state of comfort and causes changes in energy consumption mechanisms to combat its effects. Individuals may be immunocompromised, susceptible to pathogens. Stress biomarkers play an important role in the prognosis of stress-related diseases and disorders, and therapy. In addition, different components have been identified as potent mediators of cardiovascular, central nervous system, hepatic, and nephrological disorders, which can also be used to evaluate these conditions precisely, but with strict validation and specificity. Considerable scientific progress has been made in the quantization and application of these biomarkers. This review describes current advances in biomarker identification, their prognostic and therapeutic value. Articles review were carried out using the scooping review method by identifying research publications that match the theme through an online search system. The result of this review is that 31 stress-related biomarkers have an important role in the prognosis of stress-related diseases and disorders, and have been identified as potent mediators of cardiovascular, central nervous system, hepatic, and nephrological disorders. From this review, it can be concluded that chronic stress can cause pathological responses in the body due to disruption of body homeostasis in the long term, resulting in changes in the value of physiological biomarkers of the body. The specific biomarkers that are affected then can be used as diagnostic or prognostic biomarkers.