Abstract
Concrete, as the world’s most implemented construction material, is increasingly being used because of the rapid development of industrialization and urbanization. Limited resources and progressive depravation of the environment are forcing scientific efforts to seek alternative and effective materials from large amounts of natural resources as additives in the partial replacement of cement. Cement is a main constituent of concrete. To solve and minimize environmental issues, research works attempting to employ the wide availability of agricultural wastes, such as sugar cane bagasse, rice husk, sugar cane straw, and palm oil fuel, among others, into cement, and to finally bring sustainable and environmentally friendly properties to concrete are being examined. Agro-waste materials are crushed into fine and coarse aggregates or are burnt into ash, and are then mixed with cement, which is known as agro-cement. The replacement of aggregates, either partially or fully, is also deemed as a sustainable material in construction. This paper mainly reviews the current research on agro-cement that has been researched and applied for the enhancement of the strength and durability of concrete. It further summarizes the relevant knowledge and techniques, while providing optimal parameters for applying agricultural wastes in concrete.
Highlights
As a binding medium, concrete is one of the most popular and widely used civil engineering materials for sustaining the fast-growing global population and for rapid urban development, especially in developing countries [1]
The results suggest that 100% date seed ash (DSA) could be regarded as the optimal percentage, and hot mix asphalt (HMA) mixtures with a 75% Rice husk ash (RHA) substitution demonstrated a suitable performance
The incorporation of these residues into cementitious materials has proven that the addition of wastes is advantageous to the environment, and brings about a great performance of concrete properties
Summary
Concrete is one of the most popular and widely used civil engineering materials for sustaining the fast-growing global population and for rapid urban development, especially in developing countries [1]. The construction of concrete materials is an extravagant process and depletes high amounts of energy. Because of the massive use of concrete, quite a few concrete product wastes are either discarded or are difficult to dispose of, as most of these are not of a recyclable nature, and have the inherent drawback of creating environmental pollution [3,4,5]. The increased demand of infrastructures leads to large amounts of cement usage being disposed of in limited landfill space, resulting in the emission of huge amounts of greenhouse gases [6,7]. The state of the art for sustainable, unconventional, natural, and recycled building materials should be taken into account [9]
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
