The Utility of Prehistoric Predictive Models for Interior Riverine Zones in the Northeast: A View from Fort Dix, New Jersey

Abstract

In 2004, a planning level (Phase I) survey was completed at the Fort Dix Military Installation, New Jersey. A stratified research methodology was initially employed by placing standardized sampling units into zones of high and low sensitivity. Areas of high and low archaeological sensitivity consisted of testable areas within and beyond 500 feet of stream margins and wetlands, respectively. Although the majority of field tests represented negative-based data, environmental attributes were measured using GPS and GIS; these data were then compared to discovered prehistoric site locations, using simple statistical procedures. Prehistoric sites consist of generalized camp sites (Bases) and specialized extractive stations (Targets) which span the entire prehistory of the region, dating from 11,500 to 350 years B.P. Site distributions produce a dual, or two-level settlement system, where multiple activity base camps were situated on low divides, adjacent to large wetlands and streams, while more specialized loci tended to be found on upland divides and side slopes, further from water. Interestingly, over half of all prehistoric sites are positioned on southern exposures, possibly implying a fall/winter season(s) procurement pattern in this region.