Abstract
The comprehensive results regarding the physicochemical properties of carbonaceous materials that are obtained from pistachio shells support their usage as solid fuels to supply direct carbon solid oxide fuel cells (DC-SOFCs). The influence of preparation conditions on variations in the chemical composition, morphology of the biochar powders, and degree of graphitization of carbonaceous materials were investigated. Based on structural investigations (X-ray diffraction analysis and Raman spectroscopy), it was observed that disordered carbon particles developed during the application of thermal treatments. The use of X-ray fluorescence enabled a comparative analysis of the chemical composition of the inorganic matter in biocarbon-based samples. Additionally, the gasification of carbonaceous-based samples vs. time at a temperature of 850 °C was investigated in a H2O or CO2 gas atmosphere. The analysis demonstrated the conversion rate of biochar obtained from pistachio shells to H2, CH4 and CO during steam gasification. The electrochemical investigations of the DC-SOFCs that were supplied with biochars obtained from pistachio shells were characterized by satisfactory values for the current and power densities at a temperature range of 700–850 °C. However, a higher power output of the DC-SOFCs was observed when CO2 was introduced to the anode chamber. Therefore, the impact of the Boudouard reaction on the performance of DC-SOFCs was confirmed. The chars that were prepared from pistachio shells were adequate for solid fuels for utilization in DC–SOFCs.
Highlights
IntroductionSpecial attention was paid to direct carbon solid oxide fuel cell (DC-solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs))
The aim of this paper is to investigate the possibility of using pistachio shells as solid fuels to supply direct carbon solid oxide fuel cell (DC-solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs))
The total content of the elements, such as carbon, hydrogen, and sulfur, is one of the main factors that determines the possibility of using solid fuel to supply DC-SOFCs
Summary
Special attention was paid to direct carbon solid oxide fuel cell (DC-SOFC). DC-SOFCs are electrochemical devices that directly convert the chemical energy of carbonaceous fuels into electricity and heat. In the classical conception of DCSOFCs, carbon can be directly electrochemically oxidized to carbon dioxide via reaction (1) as follows:. It can be formed in a sequence of the following electrochemical reactions (2) and (3):.
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