The usefulness of surface 12-lead electrocardiogram to predict intra-atrial conduction block after successful atrial flutter ablation

Abstract

Intraatrial conduction block at the inferior vena cava-tricuspid annulus isthmus was shown to predict successful atrial flutter ablation. However, its demonstration requires the use of several electrode catheters. Thus, a simple approach using surface 12-lead ECG to prove the conduction block would be valuable. Twenty-two patients were prospectively studied during low septal and low lateral atrial pacing before and after successful atrial flutter ablation. Creation of the conduction block was confirmed by comparing the sequence of atrial activation using 3 multipolar catheters during atrial pacing before and after ablation. During low septal pacing, there was no significant difference before and after ablation in P-wave width, axis, or morphology. During low lateral atrial pacing, there was a significant P-wave axis rotation towards the right (from −67 ± 27° to +13 ± 35°, P < .001), and P-wave polarity in limb lead II changed from predominantly negative to predominantly positive in 21 of 22 patients. There was also an increase in P-wave width (from 136 ± 32 to 169 ± 36 ms, P < .001) and stimulus-to-QRS interval (from 268 ± 61 ms to 343 ± 95 ms, P < .001) during low lateral pacing that was not observed during low septal pacing. We conclude that creation of a conduction block in the inferior vena cava-tricuspid annulus isthmus modifies surface 12-lead ECG during low lateral atrial pacing only. We also suggest that P-wave polarity in limb lead II during low lateral pacing could be used as a noninvasive marker of unidirectional counter-clockwise conduction block during atrial flutter ablation.