Abstract
The newly identified human coronavirus was named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), based on a detailed analysis of clinical manifestation. It was reported that blood type O individuals were less likely to become infected by SARS-CoV, while blood type A individuals have an increased risk of severe illness. The Forssman antigen, or Forssman glycolipid synthase (FS), was first described in 1911 by John Frederick Forssman. Blood type A/B glycosyltransferases (AT/BTs) and Forssman glycolipid synthase (FS) are encoded by the evolutionarily related ABO (A/B alleles) and GBGT1 genes. In this article, based on published studies about the pathogenesis of the COVID-19, we hypothesize the possible relationship between the COVID-19 infection and rare blood type systems, such as the Forssman antigen system.
Highlights
The newly identified human coronavirus—based on the detailed analysis of clinical manifestation—was named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) [1]
As of 27 July 2020, the spread of SARS-CoV-2 had resulted in 16,114,449 confirmed cases globally, with 646,641 registered deaths associated with COVID-19 [11]
9 (9q34) and comprises 347 amino acids [21]. This gene has seven exons that span more than 8 kb of DNA, and the coding region is shared by all species that are positive for the FORS Ag
Summary
The newly identified human coronavirus—based on the detailed analysis of clinical manifestation—was named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The first international conference, organized by Volker ter Meulen, met in Wurzburg, Germany in the fall of 1980 [2] Based on their genomic structure, four main subgroups (alpha, beta, gamma, and delta) were described [3]. The novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19), the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), was first reported as cluster of cases in Wuhan, China in December 2019 [10]. As of 27 July 2020, the spread of SARS-CoV-2 had resulted in 16,114,449 confirmed cases globally, with 646,641 registered deaths associated with COVID-19 [11]. SARS-CoV-2 is an enveloped positive-stranded RNA virus like other COVs; in contrast to others, it is highly contagious in human-to-human transmission [12]. Studies showed that COVID 19 triggers coagulopathy, since it is associated with the imbalance of host immune response and endothelial damage [14,15]
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