Abstract
The climate warming and changes in weather patterns in Europe are negatively affecting the structure of grassland swards. The disappearance of valuable forage grasses can be observed. Therefore, in order to keep grassland productivity high, high-yielding grasses of good quality that are resistant to changes in the weather are being sought. At the moment there are few publications which present the long-term influence of changing weather conditions on meadow sward structure and its fodder value. This study aimed to assess the suitability of grass mixtures with Festulolium braunii for grassland renewal by full tillage on organic soil, taking into account atmospheric conditions. The experiments were carried out in the years 2009–2018 on a meadow complex located on organic soil in the Randow river valley, near Ramin (Germany). Grassland restoration was carried out by the method of full cultivation in three experiments with different proportions of Festulolium braunii and Lolium perenne (the existing grassland was eliminated and seeds of a new grass mix were sown). The meadow experiments were established using the method of random blocks in four repetitions Detailed studies included: floristic composition of meadow sward, fresh and dry mass yields, and content of: crude protein, soluble sugars, raw fiber, and net energy NEL (net energy lactation) concentration. Festulolium braunii, Poa pratensis, Dactylis glomerata, and Phleum pratense proved to be more resistant to low temperatures in winter and excess water in spring than Lolium perenne. The largest production potential of fresh and dry mass was found in mixtures with a high content of Festulolium braunii Festulolium braunii tolerates varied and unfavorable weather conditions (frosts during snowless winters, spring frosts and waterlogging, and droughts) very well and provides a stable good quality sward yield (favourably affected the carbohydrate and protein content of the sward). Lolium perenne, on the other hand, decreases its share in the sward under unfavorable weather conditions.
Highlights
In recent decades there has been a noticeable warming of the Earth’s climate
The floristic composition of meadow sward in 2009, 2012 and 2013 after grassland renewal coincided with the participation of individual species in mixtures (Tables 4–6)
A mild winter with a period of a short strong frost and surface flooding in the spring of 2010–2011 caused Lolium perenne to decline as a percentage of the floristic composition (Table 4)
Summary
In recent decades there has been a noticeable warming of the Earth’s climate. It is associated with changes in weather patterns, e.g., in the distribution and amount of precipitation, cloud cover, atmospheric and oceanic circulation, frequency and intensity of violent weather events [1]. The cause of global warming is anthropogenic activity and associated greenhouse gas emissions. The main greenhouse gas is carbon dioxide, which accounts for 19% of the greenhouse effect, and others such as methane, nitrous oxide, ozone, sulphates, nitrates, particulates account for less than 7% [2]. The concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere has increased from 280 ppm at the beginning of the industrial era (mid-1800 s) to 455 ppm today [3]. It is estimated that the global temperature is currently
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