Abstract
Bladder cancer is one of the most common cancers in global statistics. One of the issues associated with this disease is the high incidence of cases with delayed diagnosis and what factors correlate with worse treatment outcomes. A possible reason for this may be the rather limited availability of non-invasive diagnostic tools. This short communication presents a case of a 68 year old male patient after an ineffective therapy, carried on for several years with symptoms commonly associated with prostate overgrowth that masked a carcinoma in situ of the urinary bladder. Implementation of several diagnostic techniques, including urine sediment cytology, immunocytochemistry, the fluorescence in situ hybridisation technique, the Bladder EpiCheck test and whole-genome sequencing, enabled the establishment of a correct diagnosis, implementation of appropriate treatment and provision of patient-friendly monitoring. The described case emphasises the usefulness of cell-based and liquid-based urine tests in bladder cancer diagnostic procedures.
Highlights
IntroductionBladder cancer (BC) is the sixth and seventeenth most common cancer in men and women, respectively [1]
In multifocal urothelial carcinoma in situ (CIS), neoplastic cells are characterised by the reduction of cohesion forces, which makes them easier to identify by urine sediment cytology, comparing to other cancers of the urothelial tract [12]
The rather misfortunate circumstance of a 5-year long diagnosIn the presented case, the rather misfortunate circumstance of a 5-year long diagnostic process was mainly caused by the lack of accessible urinary cytology and the tic process was mainly caused by the lack of accessible urinary cytology and the concomitance of two medical conditions
Summary
Bladder cancer (BC) is the sixth and seventeenth most common cancer in men and women, respectively [1]. In 2018, 7494 new cases of BC were recorded in Poland (5612 in men—ranking the 5th, and 1882 in women—ranking the 13th in malignancy incidence in Poland), out of whom 3973 died (3073 men and 900 women) [2]. In the European Union countries, the total mortality rate from urinary bladder cancer stabilised 4.0/). During the years 2005–2008, Poland ranked the first with regards to the mortality rate from urinary bladder cancer [3]. We attempt to emphasise the usefulness of voided urine examinations in bladder cancer diagnostics, proven in the case of a male patient with coexisting benign prostate hyperplasia and a carcinoma in situ of the urinary bladder
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