The use of various forms of selenium in aquaculture

Abstract

A study of the scientific literature on the use of nanotechnology methods for the cultivation of various aquaculture facilities has been generalized. The study was based on the addition of selenium to the diets of various shapes and origins.It is emphasized that modern scientific research on the use of nanoparticles in aquaculture emphasizes the accuracy of delivery and the appropriate number of trace elements, which in turn may reduce the cost of aquaculture products. It is pointed out that it is necessary to take into account the specifics of modern industrial aquaculture technologies, in which aquatic organisms are grown at high planting densities in pools, that means are constantly under stress, and one of the most common forms of stress leading to reduced productivity in aquaculture is oxidative stress. The review noted that selenium is one of the important micronutrients that can reduce the negative effects of oxidative stress. Studies by a number of authors on the positive effects of adding various forms of selenium to the diets of major aquaculture facilities have been analyzed. It is determined that biologically synthesized nanoselenium can be added to various commercial fish feeds to increase stress resistance and productivity of aquatic organisms, in addition, this product will meet the environmental needs of consumers. The advantage of using organic forms of selenium in aquaculture over inorganic ones has been established, as the former have higher bioavailability and better accumulation in fish tissues. A number of studies related to the determination of the toxic effects of various forms of selenium and its concentrations on aquatic organisms have been studied. It is emphasized that in aquaculture it is necessary to take into account that selenium particles must be non-toxic not only for the biological object itself, but also for other systems that are closely related to its vital activity. Key words: selenium, nanotechnology, aquaculture, fish, stress resistance, toxicity, growth rate, physiological indicators, immunological indicators.