Abstract
Underwater gliders travel through the ocean by buoyancy control, which makes their motion silent and involves low energy consumption. Due to those advantages, numerous studies on underwater acoustics have been carried out using gliders and different acoustic payloads have been developed. This paper aims to illustrate the use of gliders in underwater acoustic observation and target detection through experimental data from two sea trials. Firstly, the self-noise of the glider is analyzed to illustrate its feasibility as an underwater acoustic sensing platform. Then, the ambient noises collected by the glider from different depths are presented. By estimating the transmission loss, the signal receiving ability of the glider is assessed, and a simulation of target detection probability is performed to show the advantages of the glider over other underwater vehicles. Moreover, an adaptive line enhancement is presented to further reduce the influence of self-noise. Meanwhile, two hydrophones are mounted at both ends of the glider to form a simple array with a large aperture and low energy consumption. Thus, the target azimuth estimation is verified using broadband signals, and a simple scheme to distinguish the true angle from the port‒starboard ambiguity is presented. The results indicate that the glider does have advantages in long-term and large-scale underwater passive sensing.
Highlights
Underwater gliders are autonomous vehicles that can travel through the ocean by changing their buoyancy and barycenter [1,2,3]
Distribute in opposite directions relevant to the Theacoustics results indicate that, First, the self-noise of the glider was studied to show the ability of the glider to serve as an underwater even if only two SCHs are used, the estimated direction of arrival (DOA) can still distinguish the direction of the ship to a acoustic sensing platform
The self-noise of the glider was studied to show the ability of the glider to serve as an underwater algorithm was introduced using experimental data. of different kinds of self-noise were acoustic sensing platform. and Bothtested the spectrogram and spectrum
Summary
Underwater gliders are autonomous vehicles that can travel through the ocean by changing their buoyancy and barycenter [1,2,3]. A glider navigates using a global positioning system (GPS), pressure sensor, compass, altimeter, and other on-board sensors Because it has no propeller system, both the energy consumption and the self-noise can be very low. Due to the advantages in terms of self-noise and duration, as well as the flexibility for acoustic payload installation [5,6], gliders are considered to have great potential in ocean acoustics applications, for example, studying whales [7,8] and fish sounds [9], acoustic sources detection and tracking [10,11,12], and measuring the marine soundscape [13]. The underwater target detection ability of the acoustic glider is studied at different distances, and the target azimuth estimation ability is discussed in a range up to 6 km by a sea test.
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