The use of Turkic loanwords in the Russian language

Abstract

The subject of the research is loanwords form Turkic languages in the Russian language. The basic rules for the development of the language, its connections with the history of society in different periods are clearly manifested precisely in the vocabulary. Loanwords from Turkic languages were borrowed through oral speech. This led to the emergence of various options for borrowing. The article describes the internal rules for the development of Turkic loanwords, reflected in their composition, functioning, semantics, and phonetics. The borrowing of loanwords, in particular, from the Turkic languages, is determined mainly by the needs of semantic differentiation. Turkic loanwords, as well as Western European loanwords, changed in semantics and went beyond the original sphere of functioning. In the process of development, Turkic vocabulary adjusts to the phonetic, morphological and semantic norms of the Russian language by changing their phonetic composition and semantics. Turkic loanwords are mostly monosemantic words that filled in the gaps in the system of nomination. Therefore, Turkic vocabulary was the only means of nomination for a long time. Later, becoming a part of the Russian language, Turkic loanwords acquire figurative meanings.