The use of transarticular external fixation by arthrodiastasis in complex open proximal humeral fractures at Hospital Militar Central Colombia: A case series

Abstract

Objective To describe the clinical and surgical characteristics of external fixation technique to manage complex open proximal humerus fractures caused by high-energy firearm injuries at the Hospital Militar Central, Colombia. Methods A retrospective case series of patients with open complex proximal humerus fractures (Gustilo & Anderson III A-B or Neer III and IV) caused by long range or fragmentation weapons treated with external fixation. The variables are demographic data, range of motion, consolidation measurements, and functional outcomes according to the Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (Quick DASH) functional scale. Results Seven male patients, with high-energy injuries causing open complex proximal humerus fractures (Gustilo & Anderson III A-B or Neer III or IV) underwent surgical treatment with external fixation and arthrodiastasis. Median age was 21.0 (19–24) years, mean treatment duration was 5.6 (4–7) months, and all patients completed 15 months of follow-up. Mean postoperative active movement measurements were flexion: 80° (40°–120°), abduction 85.7° (40°–130°), external rotation: 24.7° (10°–45°), and internal rotation: 23.6° (10°–45°). Mean postoperative pain according to visual analog scale was 2.7 (1–4) and mean Quick DASH was 36.2 (15.9–58). Two patients presented postoperative complications, one case each of infection and osteitis. Conclusion Complex open proximal humeral fractures caused by high-energy trauma treated with transarticular external fixation via arthrodiastasis show promising short-term and mid-term results with low complication rates, low levels of postoperative pain, and moderate functional results. This external fixation technique seems to be a valid option for the treatment of polytraumatic patients with humeral injuries. Longer follow ups and larger sample sizes studies must be presented to better characterize the clinical and satisfaction outcomes.