Abstract
Arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are a subset of congenital vascular malformations (CVMs). They comprise abnormal connections between arterial and venous circulation; treatment approaches are dependent on the angioarchitecture of the AVM, specifically the number and arrangement of the feeder arteries and outflow veins. Various imaging modalities can be used to diagnose and plan treatment. Here we will review the use of transarterial approaches to treat AVMs.
Highlights
Arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are a subset of congenital vascular malformations (CVMs), along with venous and lymphatic anomalies, according to the International Society for the Study of Vascular Anomalies (ISSVA) classification of vascular anomalies [1]
AVMs are a subset of high-flow CVMs that are further organized based on the morphology of the nidus
This AVM can be treated using either a transarterial or transvenous approach [6].Type II AVMs have an arteriolovenous nidus structure in which multiple arterioles shunt blood into a single draining vein. This vein is usually much larger than the feeding arterial vessels, making it so this AVM type is best treated from the venous side with reflux of the embolic agent into the arteries feeding into the nidus
Summary
Arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are a subset of congenital vascular malformations (CVMs), along with venous and lymphatic anomalies, according to the International Society for the Study of Vascular Anomalies (ISSVA) classification of vascular anomalies [1]. They can be located in multiple regions of the body and can be symptomatic and often challenging to treat, requiring a multidisciplinary approach [2,3]. The anomalous region in which the arterial and venous vessels connect creates a low perfusion pressure, which is known clinically as the nidus [2]. We will limit the scope of this manuscript to arterial approaches only
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