THE USE OF TRANEXAMIC ACID IN ARTHOPLASTY OF LARGE JOINTS (LITERATURE REVIEW)

Abstract

Endoprosthesis of large joints is an efficient method to restore the functional capacity of a limb, to increase the patientʼs motor activity, to eliminate the pain syndrome and to recover self-service. However, there is a risk of certain complications, one of which is massive blood loss. There have been recent publications on the feasibility of the use of tranexamic acid in the arthroplasty of large joints to prevent and reduce blood loss. The objective is to identifythe trends in the use of tranexamic acid in orthopedics and traumatology to prevent blood loss in the arthroplasty of large joints without increasing the risk of other complications. Methods. The search for the scientific information was conducted in Google Scholar, PubMed, World Digital Library, ScienceDirect. Results. The literature review is devoted to the topical issue of the present dayʼs orthopedics, which is the use of tranexamic acid to prevent bloodloss in arthroplasty of large joints. According to the studies, the use of tranexamic acid significantly reduces the overall blood loss without increasing the risk of complications such as thromboembolism. The risk of complications of infectious genesis and of those due to the blood transfusion is also reduced using tranexamic acid. It is determined that the combined intra-articular and intravenous injection of tranexamic acid is more efficient than the applicationof either method separately. However, the comparative results of the ways of administration and the dosage regimen are quite ambiguous. The question of the optimum dose of the medication, which would provide maximum efficiency, without increasing the risk of complications is still to establish. It is advisable to conduct further research on the use of tranexamic acid to determine the efficiency of the ways of injection, dosing regimen taking into accountthe patients' demographic features, their age, concomitant pathology, time of surgery and other factors.