Abstract
The problem to develop new early maturing grain sorghum varieties adapted to mechanized harvesting with high productivity and feed advantages, is of great urgency. The purpose of the current work was to study the inheritance of the main economically valuable traits in the first generation hybrids developed in the hybridization between samples of different ecological and geographical origin. In the first generation hybrids Zernogradskoe 88 × Seso 1 and Zernogradskoe 88 × Narosorg 1, there was identified the improvement of 1000-grain weight, number of grains per panicle, and length of a peduncle in comparison with the initial parental forms. In the hybrid combination obtained as a result of hybridization of the varieties Zernogradskoe 88 and Seso 3 there was not identified any positive manifestation of heterosis for the breeding process in the main studied traits. According to the trait ‘plant height’ in all combinations, there was identified overdominance of high-growing forms. According to the protein percentage in grains there was established depression or dominance of lower values of the trait. The inheritance of the trait ‘length of vegetation period’ in the studied hybrids corresponded to the partial dominance of both lower and higher values of the trait.
Highlights
The problem to form a solid raw material basis for feeding farm animals in conditions of increasing aridity of the climate is currently of the greatest importance
The grain sorghum variety Zernogradskoe 88 developed by the Federal State Budget Scientific Institution “ARC “Donskoy” was used as the maternal form; the varieties Seso 1, Seso 3, and Narosorg 1 developed by the National Semi Arid Resource Research Institute (NaSARRI, Republic of Uganda) was used as the paternal forms (Figure 1)
In the conducted study there have been made the conclusions about the nature of inheritance based on the analysis of the values of true and hypothetical heterosis, as well as the dominance degree in the first generation hybrids according to the main economically valuable traits
Summary
The problem to form a solid raw material basis for feeding farm animals in conditions of increasing aridity of the climate is currently of the greatest importance. The solution to this problem is possible by increasing the sown area of agricultural crops which are tolerant to the negative impact of soil and climatic conditions and are capable to form high and stable yields. Sorghum grain is widely used all over the world. It is eaten, used in feed production and in the production of alcoholic beverages. In China sorghum is the most important ingredient in alcoholic beverages, and in the United States of America sorghum is used in the production of gluten-free beer [4]
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