The use of the paramedian forehead flap alone or in combination with other techniques in the reconstruction of periocular defects and orbital exenterations

Abstract

PurposeThe paramedian forehead flap (PMFF) is a reconstructive option for large eyelid defects and orbital exenterations. We report a series of cases where PMFF reconstruction was carried out at various institutions in Australia.MethodsThis study was a multi-centre, retrospective, non-comparative case series investigating the clinical outcomes of the PMFF for reconstructing periocular defects and orbital exenterations.ResultsThis case series describes twenty-seven patients (Female = 15, Male = 12), operated between 1991 to 2019, with a median age of 81 years (range: 45–93 years). Defect locations involved combinations of the medial canthus (16/27, 59.3%), upper eyelids (7/27, 25.9%), lower eyelid (4/27, 14.8%), both upper and lower eyelids (5/27, 18.5%), and orbital (7/27, 25.9%). There were no cases of flap necrosis. Minor post-operative complications were observed in ten patients with the most common being lagophthalmos. Median duration of follow-up was 17months (Range: 2months- 23years).ConclusionsThe PMFF is a versatile reconstructive tool for a range of periocular defects and orbital exenterations with minor post-operative complications.