Abstract
The use of testicular sperm has been proposed as an alternative for couples who presented poor embryo quality, fertilization failures or no pregnancy in previous ICSI cycles with ejaculated spermatozoa. Previous studies suggested that changing the sperm source may provide a clinical added value for these patients to improve their reproductive outcomes and ultimately obtain a newborn, given that sperm retrieved from the testis might exhibit better physiological features compared with the ejaculates, although little is known if these come from genetic or cytoplasmic improvement.
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