Abstract
ObjectivesThis paper aimed to employ subject matter experts (SMEs) to assess the extent to which the Korean version of the short-form of the OHIP (OHIP-14 K) is culturally valid and equivalent in Korean.MethodsWe approached 17 bilingual Korean SMEs from which 10 independently rated the clarity, relevance, and cultural equivalence of the OHIP-14 K. SME's varied between 10 and 41 years of clinical experience and were mostly males (# 7). We used Item-level Content Validity Index (I-CVI) to gauge the proportion of SMEs who considered the content of OHIP items (e.g., instruction, response format, etc.) to be culturally valid. We also performed additional analysis to determine the level of agreement between the SMEs.ResultsThe experts rated most of the items to be clear (S-CVI = 0.93) while having difficulties in assigning relevance of the questions to the expected domains (S-CVI = 0.42). Moreover, considerable disagreement existed among the experts in regard to the relevance (Kfree = 0.19 to 1.00) and the cultural equivalence indexes (ADM = 0.36 to 0.96). The content of the OHIP-14 K for the most part clearly reproduced the language of the original OHIP-14. However, experts disagreed on the relevance and conceptual equivalence of the OHIP-14 K for a Korean population.ConclusionsPatient-oriented outcome measures such as the OHIP can be used across cultures once there are indeed assessing the same domains and constructs of interest. The CVI technique seems to be an alternative tool for evaluating content validity and equivalency of an OHQoL measure. A more refined, culturally relevant version of OHIP-14 K was proposed although there is no available data yet to support a better score validity, reliability and responsiveness of this proposed version.
Highlights
Oral health-related quality of life (OHQoL) represents a psychological construct defined as self-reports pertaining to the functional, psychological and social impacts of oral problems on quality of life [1]
The deviation from the mean index (ADM) across all elements was below the critical value of 0.56, suggesting that homogeneity in subject matter experts (SMEs) ratings was unlikely to have been achieved by chance
The only element whose CVI value felt below the acceptable level was the response format (I-CVI = 0.7), which was considered to be vague
Summary
Oral health-related quality of life (OHQoL) represents a psychological construct defined as self-reports pertaining to the functional, psychological and social impacts of oral problems on quality of life [1]. The Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP) has been the most used self-reported measure of OHQoL based on the International Classification of Impairment, Disability and Handicap as interpreted to oral health by David Locker in 1988 [7,8,9]. It consists of 49 questions representing seven domains (Table 1) assessed by a 5-point Likert response scale (“very often”; “fairly often”; “occasionally”; “hardly ever”; or “never”, with an optional “don’t know”). Cultural environment strongly influence personal identity and how people consider, interpret and cope with
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