The use of sodium bicarbonate in stages in treating hypoperfusion induced lactic acidemia in septic shock

Abstract

To explore the use of sodium bicarbonate in stages in treating hypoperfusion induced lactic acidemia due to septic shock. In this prospective randomized, double-blind, controlled clinical trial, a total of 65 patients of hypoperfusion induced lactic acidemia due to septic shock admitted between April 2006 and April 2010 were assigned to two groups. Thirty-five patients of "stage" group sodium bicarbonate was used in two stages: in first stage sodium bicarbonate was given by venous drip until pH≥7.15, and in second stage sodium bicarbonate was given by intravenous drip till pH≥7.25 after 6 hours. Thirty patients in control group intravenous drip of sodium bicarbonate was used till pH≥7.15. Early goal-directed therapy(EGDT) was used in the first 6 hours of fluid resuscitation. The number of dysfunction organ, time of mechanical ventilation, maximum sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score, delta SOFA score, durations of stay in intensive care unit (ICU) and in hospital, and mortality were recorded in two groups. Blood gas analysis and index of hemodynamics were monitored at 0 hour and 8 hours in both groups. Compared with control group, "stage" group was associated with a lower number of dysfunction organ, time of mechanical ventilation, maximum SOFA score, delta SOFA score, durations of stay in ICU and in hospital, and mortality (number of dysfunction organ: 2.68±0.79 vs. 3.28±0.80, time of mechanical ventilation: 10.32±2.26 days vs. 13.80±2.56 days, maximum SOFA score: 11.01±2.26 vs. 13.11±2.26, delta SOFA score: 1.71±1.25 vs. 3.43±1.27, duration of stay in ICU: 14.0±3.6 days vs. 20.0±3.7 days, duration of stay in hospital: 28.3±12.9 days vs. 41.9±13.2 days, mortality: 34.28% vs. 60.00%, P<0.05 or P<0.01). There were no significant differences in blood gas analysis and index of hemodynamics at 0 hour, and they were improved at 8 hours. Compared with control group, in "stage" group, lactic acid (Lac) was significantly lowered (1.50±1.08 mmol/L vs. 2.93±1.09 mmol/L), and pH, mixed venous oxygen saturation (SvO2), oxygen extraction ratio (O2ER), cardiac index (CI), oxygen delivery (DO2) were significantly increased (pH:7.29±0.05 vs. 7.20±0.05, SvO2: 0.75±0.18 vs. 0.66±0.17, O2ER: 0.32±0.06 vs. 0.25±0.06, CI: 113.36±13.34 ml×s(-1)×m(-2) vs. 83.35±13.34 ml×s(-1)×m(-2), DO2: 840±170 ml×min(-1)×m(-2) vs. 630±171 ml×min(-1)×m(-2), all P<0.01). The use of sodium bicarbonate in stages in treating hypoperfusion induced lactic acidemia as a result of septic shock can lower the occurrence rate of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, time of mechanical ventilation, durations of stay in ICU and in hospital, and mortality.