Abstract
Abstract. The Superconducting Submillimeter-Wave Limb-Emission Sounder (SMILES) on board the International Space Station observed ozone in the stratosphere with high precision from October 2009 to April 2010. Although SMILES measurements only cover latitudes from 38° S to 65° N, the combination of data assimilation methods and an isentropic advection model allows us to quantify the ozone depletion in the 2009/2010 Arctic polar winter by making use of the instability of the polar vortex in the northern hemisphere. Ozone data from both SMILES and Odin/SMR (Sub-Millimetre Radiometer) for the winter were assimilated into the Dynamical Isentropic Assimilation Model for OdiN Data (DIAMOND). DIAMOND is an off-line wind-driven transport model on isentropic surfaces. Wind data from the operational analyses of the European Centre for Medium- Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) were used to drive the model. In this study, particular attention is paid to the cross isentropic transport of the tracer in order to accurately assess the ozone loss. The assimilated SMILES ozone fields agree well with the limitation of noise induced variability within the SMR fields despite the limited latitude coverage of the SMILES observations. Ozone depletion has been derived by comparing the ozone field acquired by sequential assimilation with a passively transported ozone field initialized on 1 December 2009. Significant ozone loss was found in different periods and altitudes from using both SMILES and SMR data: The initial depletion occurred at the end of January below 550 K with an accumulated loss of 0.6–1.0 ppmv (approximately 20%) by 1 April. The ensuing loss started from the end of February between 575 K and 650 K. Our estimation shows that 0.8–1.3 ppmv (20–25 %) of O3 has been removed at the 600 K isentropic level by 1 April in volume mixing ratio (VMR).
Highlights
According to many studies of stratospheric ozone (O3), major ozone depletion inside the isolated polar vortex is caused by the formation of polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs) and the associated heterogeneous release of active chlorine species (Cl, ClO) (e.g. Solomon, 1999)
We only show the output of the model from 450 K to 900 K to avoid boundary effects
Dynamical Isentropic Assimilation Model for OdiN Data (DIAMOND) is an off-line wind-driven transport model advecting air on isentropic surfaces into which we introduced the vertical crossisentropic transport
Summary
According to many studies of stratospheric ozone (O3), major ozone depletion inside the isolated polar vortex is caused by the formation of polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs) and the associated heterogeneous release of active chlorine species (Cl, ClO) (e.g. Solomon, 1999). According to many studies of stratospheric ozone (O3), major ozone depletion inside the isolated polar vortex is caused by the formation of polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs) and the associated heterogeneous release of active chlorine species (Cl, ClO) The periods during which the temperature inside the vortex go below the threshold for PSC formation are limited (WMO, 2011). These effects make the quantification of chemical ozone depletion in the Arctic generally more difficult. The winter of 2009–2010 was colder than other winters in the last decade during January (e.g. Dörnbrack et al, 2012). The Tmin for the winter period of 2009/2010 was lower than 185 K from 1 January and became as low as 180 K on 7
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