Abstract
Vibrio species are a significant causative of mass mortality in mariculture worldwide, which can quickly accumulate in live food and transmit into the larval gut. With restrictions on the use of antibiotics in aquaculture, finding a proper solution to reduce the risk of Vibriosis is vital. This study aimed to evaluate the susceptibility of Vibrio harveyi, V. campbellii, V. anguillarum, and V. parahaemolyticus to twenty-six bacterial and yeast strains and use the beneficial ones to enrich live food (Branchiopod, Artemia franciscana, rotifer, Brachionus plicatilis and copepod, Tigriopus japonicus). Thus, a modified disk diffusion method was applied. After a susceptibility assay, the bacteria and yeast beneficial in suppressing the Vibrio species were labeled by fluorescent stain and used to measure the accumulation potential in different live foods. Also, the beneficial bacteria and yeast were used to enrich live foods, and then the count of loaded Vibrio was estimated after 5, 10, 15, and 20 h by the serial dilution method. From the total bacteria and yeast strains that were used, Candida parapsilosis, Pseudoalteromonas flavipulchra, Lactobacillus sakei, Bacillus natto, and B. amyloliquefaciens inhibited all four Vibrio species. The results of microbial labeling showed that L. sakei in Artemia, C. parapsilosis in rotifers, and V. harveyi in copepods had the highest accumulation rate. The results of the estimation of loaded Vibrio in different live foods also showed that the use of beneficial bacteria and yeast each significantly reduced the count of Vibrio. Application of bacteria and yeast to suppress pathogenic Vibrio maybe a sustainable method for preventing this pathogen from harmfully invading aquaculture and may also aid in reducing the chances of antibiotic resistance in pathogenic Vibrio.
Highlights
Intensive larval fish production relies on the adequate production of live food
C. parapsilosis, P. flavipulchra, L. sakei, B. natto, and B. amyloliquefaciens were successfully stopped the growth of all Vibrio species
The findings showed that in Artemia nauplii, the highest accumulation rate belonged to the group which was enriched with L. sakei
Summary
Intensive larval fish production relies on the adequate production of live food. Rotifers, and copepods are widely used as live prey in marine aquaculture. Artemia is an accessible live food for finfish hatcheries. Rotifers, due to their small size, are a suitable food source for fish and crustacean larvae. Sorgeloos et al [2] reported that live foods are one of the primary carriers of bacteria that could cause larval diseases and mass mortality. Vibriosis is a common disease caused by some species of Vibrio. These bacteria are the most common and severe
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