Abstract
Sambucus species are distributed in regions with temperate and subtropical climates on earth. The high economic value of Sambucus species to humans has increased their economic cultivation in recent years, which has encouraged their rapid spread. Sambucus ebulus L. species is widely distributed especially in Southern and Central Europe, Northwest Africa and Southwest Asia (especially Northern Iran). S. ebulus plant is an important medicinal plant used in folk medicine by the peoples of the Balkan Peninsula, Western Europe and the Middle East. The plant has no special soil requirements. It can be grown in almost any soil type. It has high resistance to prevailing winds. Various parts of the plant have been traditionally used to treat bites, burns, infectious wounds, edema, eczema, urticaria, arthritis and sore throat.
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