Abstract
Simple SummaryIt has been estimated that 100 g of bulk soil can host about 2000–4000 nematodes and this amount is increased 5-fold in the rhizosphere. A certain number of these nematodes are pathogenic for plants and cause yield and economic losses. Application of chemical nematicides is the most common method used to reduce nematode populations, but these chemicals can have a negative impact on both the environment and human health. Therefore, other more environmentally friendly methods of suppression of plant-parasitic nematodes have been proposed. Among them, the use of plant beneficial soil bacteria, behaving as biocontrol agents against nematodes, represent a potential alternative to chemicals.Plant-parasitic nematodes have been estimated to annually cause around US $173 billion in damage to plant crops worldwide. Moreover, with global climate change, it has been suggested that the damage to crops from nematodes is likely to increase in the future. Currently, a variety of potentially dangerous and toxic chemical agents are used to limit the damage to crops by plant-parasitic nematodes. As an alternative to chemicals and a more environmentally friendly means of decreasing nematode damage to plants, researchers have begun to examine the possible use of various soil bacteria, including plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB). Here, the current literature on some of the major mechanisms employed by these soil bacteria is examined. It is expected that within the next 5–10 years, as scientists continue to elaborate the mechanisms used by these bacteria, biocontrol soil bacteria will gradually replace the use of chemicals as nematicides.
Highlights
Nematodes are small non-segmented invertebrate that have existed for ~500 million to one billion years and are by far the most abundant animals on earth [1,2].It has been estimated that the number of nematodes in the surface soil reaches 4.4 × 1020, with a higher diffusion in sub-Arctic regions than in temperate or tropical zones [3]
They are believed to be efficient indicators of biological activity in soils responding to global climate changes, in particular regarding the amount of CO2 in the atmosphere and global warming
This review provides an overview of recent manuscripts the biocontrol nematodes by plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB)
Summary
Nematodes ( called roundworms) are small (about 0.2 to 10.0 mm in length) non-segmented invertebrate that have existed for ~500 million to one billion years and are by far the most abundant animals on earth [1,2]. Nematode strains that have developed a high level of resistance to chemical nematicides have emerged [20] Based on these considerations, different strategies have been tested to better and more efficaciously control in agriculture. The term refers to plant-beneficial bacteria living in the soil immediately surrounding the the plant roots PGPB (rhizosphere), colonizing the root surface (rhizoplane), or living inside plant tissues plant roots (rhizosphere), colonizing the root PGPB surfacecan (rhizoplane), or living plant tissues (endophytic) Irrespective of their localization, enhance plant growthinside and development, Irrespective of their localization, PGPB can enhance plant growth and development, improve the nutritional value of edible seeds and fruits and, at the same time, protect plants from a improve the value of edible seeds fruits and, atan theoverview same time, protect plants from wide range ofnutritional biotic and abiotic stress [22].
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