The use of perioperative physiotherapy methods in surgical treatment of idiopathic scoliosis – an analysis of the latest reports and scientific literature

Abstract

Introduction. The term of idiopathic scoliosis refers to a change (deformity) of uncertain etiology related to improper setting of the spine, of a lateral curvature greater than 10 degrees by Cobb classification, with a characteristic image of abnormalities of the spine-chest axis and the topographic-anatomical axis. Some of such changes, particularly those characterized by a significant degree of progression or specific indication are reffered for a surgical correction. The perioperative use of physiotherapy methods is now one of the most important factors of a complex surgical treatment. The aim of this study was to present the applicability of the methods in the field of physical therapy in the perioperative surgical treatment of idiopathic scoliosis. Material and methods. The paper presents an analysis of the literature from the years 2000-2012 in the field of spinal surgery in terms of correction of idiopathic scoliosis. Materials were selected according to information about the use of perioperative physiotherapy methods in preparing the patient for surgery, and postoperative rehabilitation. Results. There are many physical therapy preoperative methods used in spinal surgery to support the process of idiopathic scoliosis correction. In all of the analyzed scientific materials and available guidelines, it is demonstrated a significant positive effect of the different methods used in the perioperative physiotherapy Intracorrection and the possibility of long-term results obtained after surgery. Conclusions. The use of modern methods of perioperative physiotherapy in surgical treatment of idiopathic scoliosis should be an important element of a comprehensive procedure. Methods of physiotherapy should be performed at a specified time prior to surgery and after surgery to ensure adequate, positive clinical results.