Abstract
Implant dentistry is a growing field in the education of undergraduate dental students. The present laboratory study evaluates factors which may potentially influence the accuracy of free-hand implant insertion and the use of an orientation template. After three-dimensional planning using coDiagnostiXTM, orientation templates, including sleeves for the pilot-drill in regions 41 and 45, were manufactured by thermoforming. Sixty-one fifth year dental students inserted one implant using the orientation template and another implant free-hand in an artificial mandible. Information regarding age, sex, handedness, education, and the time required for implant insertion were recorded. Subsequently, the mandibles were scanned using cone-beam-computed tomography and the accuracy of the implant position was assessed, while statistical analysis followed. The free-hand implant insertion resulted in a distal deviation of −1.34 ± 5.15° and a mesial mismatch of 0.06 ± 0.79 mm at the artificial bone level compared to the sleeves. When using the orientation templates, the deviation decreased to −0.67 ± 3.48° and a distal mismatch of −0.22 ± 0.62 mm was achieved. The difference was statistically significant for the mismatch (p < 0.049). Regarding the limitations of our study, it could be said that the accuracy level achieved by dental undergraduates using implant placement with orientation templates is comparable to that in other studies.
Highlights
In recent decades, implant dentistry is fast becoming an emerging discipline in the area of oral rehabilitation
The planning and manufacturing of the orientation templates was performed according to clinical standards by an experienced dental laboratory technician and an oral surgeon specializing in dental implantology
Twenty-four dental students had participated in dental implant training before
Summary
Implant dentistry is fast becoming an emerging discipline in the area of oral rehabilitation. The provision of implant-borne crowns, as well as fixed and removable partial dentures, is considered as an established treatment procedure. In addition to the correct surgical procedures, accurate planning of the implant position regarding anatomical structures (e.g., mandibular canal, maxillary sinus), and its relation to the adjacent teeth and the aesthetic outcome is considered to be a crucial factor for sufficient osseointegration and long-term success [1]. The free-hand technique has been said to display adequate success rates but has shortcomings regarding prosthetic planning and handling of poor bone quality [2]. Regarding the determination of the implant position, there exists a widespread variety ranging from guiding the pilot.
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