Abstract
Abstract A holistic perspective on the universe of living microorganisms, their metabolism and environment, is called systems biology. This framework is a compelling way to diagnose the biodeterioration of cultural heritage (CH). It is important to understand both the types of microorganisms present on objects, their metabolic functions, and the impact of the environment on microorganisms. Such an understanding generates answers to key questions concerning the mechanisms of biodeterioration by microbial communities and will help to select appropriate strategies for restoration and maintenance. In recent years, systemic methods called “-omics” have completely changed the approach to environmental research. These methods include metagenomics, transcriptomics, metabolomics and proteomics. Article reviews newly-available -omic techniques that can be used to assess CH biodeterioration and discusses the application of molecular and chemical techniques, including next generation sequencing (Pyrosequencing 454, Ion Torrent Sequencing, Illumina MiSeq), mass spectrometry techniques such as mass spectrometry coupled with liquid chromatography (LCMS) and surface-assisted desorption/ionization (SALDI) MS, in biodeterioration studies. Finally, article presents future perspectives for the evaluation of CH biodeterioration.
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