The Use of Non-reef Habitats by Brazilian Reef Fish Species: Considerations for the Design of Marine Protected Areas

Abstract

Many reef fish use non-reef habitats (e.g. mangroves, estuaries, and seagrass/algae beds) during their life cycle. In this study we determined how many, and which percentage of Brazilian reef fish species that make use of non-reef habitats are considered threatened (i.e. red-listed) and/or targeted by fisheries. We compiled data for 559 reef fish species, which were sorted by habitat use, threat and/or target status. Three-quarters (N = 27) of all threatened species, and 87% (N = 207) of targeted species use non-reef habitats. Sao Paulo and the ‘Hump of Brazil’ (PB-AL) had the highest number of targeted species using non-reef habitats. Estuaries presented the highest number of both threatened and targeted species. Additionally, this is the habitat that has the lowest protection on the Brazilian coast. We suggest that conservation strategies should include the protection of ecological corridors among reefs and other habitats for an effective management of Brazilian reef fishes.