Abstract
Two new methods to assess liver metabolism in humans will be discussed, non-invasive probes and 13C NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance) spectroscopy. Hepatic UDP-glucose and α-ketoglutarate can be sampled by non-invasive probes. This method has been used to quantitate the contribution of the indirect pathway to liver glycogen formation and to estimate relative flow rates and carbon exchange in the Krebs cycle. 13C NMR spectroscopy has been developed to measure liver glycogen concentrations in vivo. Using this method in combination with measurements of whole body glucose production during fasting, the contribution of gluconeogenesis has been calculated.
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