The Use of MQTT in M2M and IoT Systems: A Survey

Biswajeeban Mishra,Attila Kertesz

doi:10.1109/access.2020.3035849

Biswajeeban Mishra, Attila Kertesz

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3035849

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Abstract

Nowadays billions of smart devices or things are present in Internet of Things (IoT) environments, such as homes, hospitals, factories, and vehicles, all around the world. As a result, the number of interconnected devices is continuously and rapidly growing. These devices communicate with each other and with other services using various communication protocols for the transportation of sensor or event data. These protocols enable applications to collect, store, process, describe, and analyze data to solve a variety of problems. IoT also aims to provide secure, bi-directional communication between interconnected devices, such as sensors, actuators, microcontrollers or smart appliances, and corresponding cloud services. In this paper we analyze the growth of M2M protocol research (MQTT, AMQP, and CoAP) over the past 20 years, and show how the growth in MQTT research stands out from the rest. We also gather relevant application areas of MQTT, as the most widespread M2M/IoT protocol, by performing a detailed literature search in major digital research archives. Our quantitative evaluation presents some of the important MQTT-related studies published in the past five years, which we compare to discuss the main features, advantages, and limitations of the MQTT protocol. We also propose a taxonomy to compare the properties and features of various MQTT implementations, i.e. brokers and libraries currently available in the public domain to help researchers and end-users to efficiently choose a broker or client library based on their requirements. Finally, we discuss the relevant findings of our comparison and highlight open issues that need further research and attention.

Highlights

T HE Internet of Things (IoT) connects everyday devices like a fridge, oven, vehicle, washing machine, fitness band, watch, and even shoes to the internet [1]
We investigated ongoing research around other M2M IoT protocols, namely AMQP and CoAP
OF MQTT IMPLEMENTATIONS AND TAXONOMY OF FEATURES we present an introduction and detailed comparison of some of the currently available MQTT implementations for IoT communication

Summary

Introduction

T HE Internet of Things (IoT) connects everyday devices like a fridge, oven, vehicle, washing machine, fitness band, watch, and even shoes to the internet [1]. Efficient IoT solutions can help us to control these devices remotely from our phones or tablets. No matter it is agriculture, transport, sports, health, military, energy, or entertainment; today the application space of IoT is virtually endless. Instead of waiting for monthly or yearly reports, business and industry can get accurate consumer-data in real-time. We present an introduction and detailed comparison of some of the currently available MQTT implementations (brokers and client libraries) for IoT communication. We compare brokers and client libraries that implement versions 5.0 and/or 3.1.1 and/or 3.1 of the MQTT Protocol. We will introduce some of the widely used MQTT brokers and client libraries

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