Abstract
Recently, monoclonal antibodies (MA) have gained popularity as therapeutic agents for the treatment of autoimmune disorders. These antibodies target proinflammatory cytokines, as well as T and B cells potentially involved in the pathogenesis of such conditions. In the present work we attempt to give a systematic description of available therapeutic MA, highlight their key mechanisms of action and pinpoint their adverse effects. We believe that MA that are capable of recognizing and eliminating pathogenic T- and B-cell clones hold the most promise for medical application as biologics. Detection and identification of autoreactive lymphocyte clones is one of the most serious challenges of contemporary medicine.
Highlights
As we broaden our knowledge of the mechanisms underlying the adaptive immunity, we learn to identify its malfunctioning elements posing a risk of autoimmune disorders
The latter encompass an extensive array of pathologies affecting almost all body tissues. The pathogenesis of these disorders is linked to the production of autoimmune antibodies and proliferation of effector T-cell clones that recognize self-antigens and provoke inflammation both locally and systemically. In their anergic state, autoreactive T-cells have been found in the bloodstream of healthy donors [1] where they are controlled by regulatory T cells (Tregs)
Tregs less than half of patients with RA and juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) [7], it was still approved by Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of JIA and the cryopyrin-associated periodic syndrome (CAPS)
Summary
Monoclonal antibodies (MA) have gained popularity as therapeutic agents for the treatment of autoimmune disorders. These antibodies target proinflammatory cytokines, as well as T and B cells potentially involved in the pathogenesis of such conditions. In the present work we attempt to give a systematic description of available therapeutic MA, highlight their key mechanisms of action and pinpoint their adverse effects. We believe that MA that are capable of recognizing and eliminating pathogenic T- and B-cell clones hold the most promise for medical application as biologics. Detection and identification of autoreactive lymphocyte clones is one of the most serious challenges of contemporary medicine.
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