Abstract
Indonesia (Borneo) is an essential producer of coal in the world. Unfortunately, the resulting coal type is mostly in the low-rank, which called brown coal. This study was aimed to evaluate the influence of mixed oil coating to upgrade Borneo brown coal in terms of caloric value and water re-absorption. The additive material used to enhance brown coal is blended oil, such as used cooking oil and waste lubricant in various ratios. Coal samples were crushed and screening to obtain the required size 10 - 20 mesh ranges for analyses and experimentations. Each 50 g samples blended with the used cooking oil (UCO) and waste lubricant oil (WLO) at various ratios. Evaluation of thermal heat values and water re-absorption characteristics of original and coated coal have done. Compared to the first fuel, thermal heat values of coated coal were significantly improved. The result showed that coated coal has a resistance to water re-absorption. Also, the effect of mixed oil coating is highly significant to have high isothermal oxidation due to suppression of active functional groups to oxygen in the air. The study results also showed that increasing caloric value and lowering water content can be achieved significantly by this additive mixed oil.
Highlights
Indonesia (Kalimantan) is the five most abundant in the world as producers of coal
Low-rank coal constitutes more than 50% or more than 90% of Indonesia's Borneo Brown coal reserve (BCs) [2, 3]
The raw coal cleaned from impurity to obtain good coating, they were stored at room temperature with sufficient lighting
Summary
Indonesia (Kalimantan) is the five most abundant in the world as producers of coal. the type of fuel is mostly in the low-rank, which is called brown coal [1]. The price of low-rank coal is much lower compare to high-rank coal BCs attracts attention around the world. Because of their lower heating values (5100 – 6100 kcal/kg), and high moisture content (25 – 60%) [4] of the utilization of BCs are limited [2]. Nowadays, Upgrading of BCs by dewatering technology is the favorite techniques [7] This method has significantly improved the heating value and reduced the moisture content of brown coal. It can reduce the sensitivity of fuel toward spontaneous combustion [8]. In terms of operational costs, these methods are expensive because of raw material cost [3, 4]; the use of alternative oil required
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