The use of low-intensity laser radiation and liposomal cream in the treatment of inflammatory periodontal diseases in patients after the coronavirus infection

Abstract

A number of authors put forward a hypothesis about the role of systemic subclinical vascular inflammation characteristic of COVID-19 in the development of peripheral complications of this infection, including in the oral cavity. Notably, there is a high incidence of gingivitis and periodontitis in patients after COVID-19. Material and methods. 35 patients diagnosed with chronic generalized periodontitis and chronic gingivitis in the acute stage were followed-up on an outpatient basis. All patients had a history of COVID-19 in the past 2 to 6 months. The patients were divided into two groups: the study group (n = 18) and the control group (n = 17). All patients underwent professional oral hygiene. In the study group, low-intensity laser therapy procedures were performed with preliminary application of a liposomal gel. Clinical research methods included taking an anamnesis, examination, and determination of indices (CFE index, Green Vermilion index, PMA index, CI index, Russell’s index). Research results. After therapy, all patients of the study group had grade 1 CFE index up to 4 (compensated); in the patients of the control group, grade 1–2 CFE was determined (compensated — in 88.2 % of the patients and subcompensated — in 11.8 %). After therapy, the Green Vermilion index decreased in both groups by 40.5 % and 31.3 %, with no significant intergroup difference. The PMA index decreased by 88.8 % in the study group and by 71.5 % in the control group. The index of bleeding reduced by 86.4 % in the study group and by 60.9 % in the control group. The Russell’s index, which allows taking into account the presence of gingivitis, tooth mobility, and the depth of the periodontal pocket, was also considered. Its value decreased by 92.3 % in the study group and by 63.8 % in the control group. Conclusions. The developed therapeutic complex, which includes low-intensity laser exposure with preliminary application of the liposomal gel, is more effective than the standard approach to the treatment of this pathology.