Abstract
Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS) are widely used in low-cost photogrammetry. Even small Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) can deliver valuable data for the inventory of inaccessible and dangerous areas or objects. The acquisition of data for 3D object modeling is a complicated, time-consuming, and cost-intensive process. It requires the use of expensive equipment and often manual work as well as professional software. These are major barriers limiting the development of modern tourist platforms that promote local attractions. Information technologies offer new opportunities for the development of the services market, including the development of smart tourism services, as an integral part of the smart city concept. 3D models are an important element of this process as they form the basis for the use of new visualization technologies, such as Virtual, Mixed, and Augmented Reality (VR/MR/AR). 3D modeling provides a new opportunity to use AR/MR technology to present information about objects, virtual tours of the historic buildings, and their promotion. It also creates an opportunity to preserve the architectural heritage and preventive maintenance of buildings. Despite the increasing use of new measuring platforms and computer modeling techniques, the implementation of 3D building models in smart tourism services is still limited, focusing more on the results of scientific projects rather than on the implementation of the new ones. The paper presents an universal methodology for the inventory of historical buildings using low-cost UAVs. It describes the most important aspects related to the process of planning UAV measurement missions and photogrammetric data acquisition. The construction of 3D models and the possibilities of their further use to build smart tourism services based on Web/AR/MR/VR technology was also presented.
Highlights
Intelligent solutions are the foundation for creating platforms that integrate people, society, and businesses
Computer-generated three-dimensional models are the foundation of modern smart tourism services
This section presents a methodology of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) and TLS models change assessment. It was made by a comparison between point clouds of the Water Tower building collected by UAV and TLS sensors
Summary
Intelligent solutions are the foundation for creating platforms that integrate people, society, and businesses. The term has been defined by Borda [6] as services that focus on collaborative approaches, making cultural data open and freely available They involve consumers in the process of experiencing the content they are discovering, providing access to cultural objects and experiences across distance. Developing technologies allow the provision of building sophisticated services with an increasing number of features They are affected by the risks associated with the complexity of the system and difficulties in meeting the requirements [21]. There are many studies in the literature concerning the use of VR/AR/MR for the visualization of historical buildings [34] They show the need to develop solutions that allow the use of 3D products for cultural tourism and services for individual customers. The article presents the methodology of using UAV data for historical objects to prepare digital
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