Abstract
The EBD-SIM (evidence-based design, simulation) framework is a conceptual framework developed to integrate the use of lighting simulation in the EBD process to provide a holistic performance evaluation method. A real-time case study, executed in a fully operational office building, is used to demonstrate the framework’s performance. The case study focused on visual comfort analysis. The objective is to demonstrate the applicability of the developed EBD-SIM framework using correlations between current visual comfort metrics and actual human perception as evaluation criteria. The data were collected via simulation for visual comfort analysis and via questionnaires for instantaneous and annual visual comfort perception. The study showed that for user perception, the most crucial factor for visual comfort is the amount of light on a task area, and simple metrics such as Eh-room and Eh-task had a higher correlation with perceived visual comfort than complex performance metrics such as Daylight Autonomy (DA). To improve the design process, the study suggests that, among other things, post-occupancy evaluations (POEs) should be conducted more frequently to obtain better insight into user perception of daylight and subsequently use new evidence to further improve the design of the EBD-SIM model.
Highlights
Lighting simulation tools help designers analyze different aspects of lighting quality in lit environments and assess alternative design solutions (Reinhart and Fitz 2006) that provide an opportunity to improve the quality of lighting
Correlation analysis of annual performance metrics (ASE, Daylight Autonomy (DA), Spatial Daylight Autonomy (sDA) and Useful Daylight Illuminance (UDI)) and related user feedback did not show significant correlations. It seems that the human perception of lit environments mainly depends on the instantaneous perception of the environment rather than average annual metrics; it is very important to conduct a survey during the most common light situation, or post-occupancy evaluations (POEs) should be conducted more frequently to obtain better insight into user perception of daylight and subsequently use new evidence to further improve the design of the Evidence-based design (EBD)-SIM model
The application of the EBD-SIM framework was investigated by conducting a simple case study performed in an existing office building in Sweden to analyze visual comfort from subjective and objective points of view
Summary
Lighting simulation tools help designers analyze different aspects of lighting quality in lit environments and assess alternative design solutions (Reinhart and Fitz 2006) that provide an opportunity to improve the quality of lighting. The applications and functions of these tools are growing rapidly, and lighting designers, engineers, and architects increasingly tend to use them (Hien et al 2000; Reinhart and Fitz 2006). To gain the advantages of lighting simulation tools, it is important to have a good awareness of the correlation between the tools’ performance metrics and human perception (Cuttle 2015; Davoodi 2016). Evidence-based design (EBD) provides a systematic process to achieve this goal by providing a process to compile and aggregate the knowledge based on evidence from various sources and present it in a way that would make it easier to apply the knowledge by practitioners (Vischer and Zeisel 2008; Vischer 2009). The EBD process, as defined by the Center for Health Design (CHD), includes the following eight steps: (1) Defining evidence-based goals and objectives; (2) Finding sources for relevant evidence; (3) Critically interpreting relevant evidence; (4) Creating and innovating evidence-based design concepts; (5) Developing a hypothesis; (6) Collecting baseline performance measures; (7) Monitoring implementation of design and construction; and (8) Measuring post occupancy performance results (Malone et al 2008)
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