The Use of Light Photobiomodulation on the Treatment of Second-Degree Burns: A Histological Study of a Rodent Model

Abstract

The aim of this investigation was to compare, by light microscopy, the effects of the use of laser photobiomodulation (LPBM) and polarized light (PL) on second-degree burns on rodents. Burns are severe injuries that result in the loss of tissue fluids, destruction of tissues, infection, and shock. With severe and widespread third-degree burns death may occur. Several light sources have been suggested as being effective for improving wound healing. Forty five rats were used in this study. A second-degree burn was created on the dorsum of each animal, and the animals were divided into four groups: PL (400-2000 nm, 40 mW, 2.4 J/cm(2)/min); LPBM-1 (780 nm, 35/40 mW, theta approximately 2 mm, 4 x 5 J/cm(2)); LPBM-2 (660 nm, 35/40 mW, theta approximately 2 mm, 4 x 5 J/cm(2)); and untreated animals acted as controls. The treatment was started immediately post-burn at four points around the burned area (laser: 5 J/cm(2) per site). The illumination with PL was performed according to the manufacturer's instructions. Treatments were repeated at 24-h intervals for 7 d. The animals were sacrifice at 3, 5, and 7 d post-burn. The specimens were routinely cut and stained and analyzed by light microscopy using hematoxylin and eosin and Sirius red. The analysis of the results demonstrated that the damaged tissue was able to efficiently absorb and process the light at all tested wavelengths. LPBM at 660 nm showed better results at early stages of wound healing. However, the use of 780-nm laser light had beneficial effects throughout the experimental period, with the animals growing newly-formed tissue similar to normal dermis. Despite our findings that the use of both types of light energy improved the healing of second-degree burns at the early stages, long-term assessment is needed to verify if this improvement will influence the final results of treatment.