The use of ipsilateral skin grafts or local flaps for the closure of a free radial forearm flap donor site: a systematic review

Abstract

Skin grafts from distant sites are typically used to close free radial forearm flap (FRFF) donor sites. However, a variety of closure methods have been reported that avoid a second donor site. These are divided into four groups: separately combined full-thickness skin graft (FTSG), FTSG method based on V-Y closure, perforator flap, and non-perforator flap. We aimed to assess the differences in outcomes, including adapted FRFF size and postoperative complications, among the four groups of closure methods used for FRFF defects. Applying the Preferred Reporting Items for the PRISMA protocol systematic reviews and meta-analysis, the PubMed and MEDLINE medical databases were searched from inception to September 2020 to identify articles about closure using an ipsilateral FTSG or local flap of the FRFF donor site. Study characteristics, FRFF size, complication rates were extracted for analysis. Twenty-four studies were included for analysis. The FTSG method based on V–Y closure was the most widely used and could be adapted to the largest and more variable FRFF sizes. The short-term complications rate was lowest for the FTSG method based on V–Y closure and the highest for the perforator flap method. The FTSG method based on V–Y closure was considered to be the most convenient and reliable. However, FRFF size should be restricted to ≤60 cm2, and the non-perforator flap can be a good choice if FRFF is <35 cm2.