Abstract
Adsorption plays an important role in the removal of mycotoxins from feedstuffs. The main objective of this study was to investigate the efficacy of using magnetic graphene oxide nanocomposites (MGO) as an adsorbent for the reduction of Fusarium mycotoxins in naturally contaminated palm kernel cake (PKC). Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was used to assess the mycotoxins in animal feed. Target mycotoxins included the zearalenone (ZEA), the fumonisins (FB1 and FB2) and trichothecenes (deoxynivalenol (DON), HT-2 and T-2 toxin). Response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to investigate the effects of time (3–7 h), temperature (30–50 °C) and pH (3–7) on the reduction. The response surface models with (R2 = 0.94–0.99) were significantly fitted to predict mycotoxins in contaminated PKC. Furthermore, the method ensured a satisfactory adjustment of the polynomial regression models with the experimental data except for fumonisin B1 and B2, which decrease the adsorption of magnetic graphene oxide (MGO). The optimum reduction was performed at pH 6.2 for 5.2 h at of 40.6 °C. Under these optimum conditions, reduced levels of 69.57, 67.28, 57.40 and 37.17%, were achieved for DON, ZEA, HT-2, and T-2, respectively.
Highlights
Mycotoxins rarely occur as single contaminants in animal feed and food
Studies have demonstrated the efficiencies of adsorbents with mineral origins hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate (HSCAS)[10], activated carbon[11], sodium bentonite[12] and zeolites[13] and modified materials Montmorillonites treated with organic cations[14], chitosan polymers[15] and yeast[16]
The novelty of this study is the use of magnetic graphene oxide nanocomposites (MGO) nanocomposite as an adsorbent to remove Fusarium mycotoxins in animal feed
Summary
Mycotoxins rarely occur as single contaminants in animal feed and food. Many mycotoxigenic fungi can grow and produce toxic metabolites under similar conditions[1]. Studies have demonstrated the efficiencies of adsorbents with mineral origins hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate (HSCAS)[10], activated carbon[11], sodium bentonite[12] and zeolites[13] and modified materials Montmorillonites treated with organic cations[14], chitosan polymers[15] and yeast[16]. These adsorbents have been shown to be effective against one or two specific mycotoxin, and are relatively expensive. The novelty of this study is the use of MGO nanocomposite as an adsorbent to remove Fusarium mycotoxins in animal feed
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