Abstract
The state of the art of graphite technology as it pertains to high-vacuum technology has been reviewed. The review reveals that little is known about many of the vacuum properties of graphite, especially degassing characteristics in high vacuum, sticking probabilities, electronic desorption cross sections, sputtering yields, and x-ray production cross sections. The few existing studies which have used graphite in high or ultrahigh vacuum all indicate that, contrary to the popular opinion that graphite is a gassy material, when properly degassed, graphite remains more gas free than the metals commonly used in vacuum components. Specific uses of graphite in vacuum research are suggested. In particular, it is suggested that significant improvements can be achieved in the operation of vacuum gauges and residual gas analyzers by the use of graphite for the electrode material.
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