The use of fullerenes as a biologically active molecule

Abstract

At present, the search for biologically active molecules with multifaceted characteristics is being actively conducted all around the world. Carbon nanostructures, including fullerenes, can become one of the sources of such molecules. Earlier global studies of the physicochemical properties of fullerenes proved their high plasticity and the possibility of application in various fields. However, the toxic properties of the developing nanomaterials and the possibility of using them as a biological active molecule are poorly understood. The rapid development of water-soluble fullerenes cannot be achieved without the development of powerful methodologies for the chemical modification of fullerenes, which will lead to the synthesis of target products with high yields and on a large scale. The development of new methods will make it possible to obtain the water-soluble fullerenes, which increase the access of these molecules to vital organs and can lead to their practical application in medicine. This gives new directions in the development of effective medicines, which is of great importance in social and economic terms. Functioned on the basis of NNLOT, there is already assembled facility which produces fullerene based on the thermal decomposition of graphite. Thus, it is planned in future to conduct research on determination of the fullerene toxicity, select and create the most optimal forms of water-soluble fullerene molecules, with the subsequent creation of a biological active molecules, capable to penetrate actively into the plant and animal cell structures and have a biological effect on them. In the paper, the review of the world scientific researches in the field of application of fullerenes in medicine, agriculture is given.