Abstract
Intrinsic antiviral resistance is a branch of antiviral defence that involves constitutively expressed cellular proteins that act within individual infected cells. In recent years it has been discovered that components of cellular nuclear structures known as ND10 or PML nuclear bodies contribute to intrinsic resistance against a variety of viruses, notably of the herpesvirus family. Several ND10 components are rapidly recruited to sites that are closely associated with herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) genomes during the earliest stages of infection, and this property correlates with the efficiency of ND10 mediated restriction of HSV-1 replication. Similar but distinct recruitment of certain DNA damage response proteins also occurs during infection. These recruitment events are inhibited in a normal wild type HSV-1 infection by the viral regulatory protein ICP0. HSV‑1 mutants that do not express ICP0 are highly susceptible to repression through intrinsic resistance factors, but they replicate more efficiently in cells depleted of certain ND10 proteins or in which ND10 component recruitment is inefficient. This article presents the background to this recruitment phenomenon and summaries how it is conveniently studied by fluorescence microscopy.
Highlights
IntroductionIntrinsic antiviral resistance ( known as intrinsic immunity) is a relatively recently described antiviral defence
Intrinsic antiviral resistance is a relatively recently described antiviral defence
The emphasis will be on herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), but it is likely that much of what has been found in HSV-1 infected cells occurs during other herpesvirus infections, and may extend to other nuclear replicating DNA viruses
Summary
Intrinsic antiviral resistance ( known as intrinsic immunity) is a relatively recently described antiviral defence. Unlike acquired immunity and cytokine mediated innate immunity, intrinsic resistance functions through constitutively expressed cellular proteins that restrict virus replication within an individual infected cell [1,2]. Intrinsic resistance involves diverse proteins and mechanisms, depending on the particular virus in question. This short review will focus on herpesviruses, and in particular on the visualization of the behaviour of intrinsic resistance factors by fluorescence microscopy. The emphasis will be on herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), but it is likely that much of what has been found in HSV-1 infected cells occurs during other herpesvirus infections, and may extend to other nuclear replicating DNA viruses
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a call
