The use of fixed expanders with orthodontic miniscrews support in children with mesial occlusion

Abstract

Prevention of the development of pronounced skeletal abnormalities in patients with mesial occlusion. Biometric analysis of control and diagnostic models of dentition was performed in 60 patients with dental anomalies before and after treatment in 3 mutually perpendicular planes to identify violations in the formation of dental arches by sagittal and transversal dimensions, and alveolar processes - by vertical dimensions (methods of A. Pont, G. Korkhaus). Measurements of 23 parameters of TRG and sections of CBCT were carried out using the modified Nad-Ars technique with analysis of skeletal parameters before and after treatment. Treatment was carried out using dilators for the upper jaw in combination with a facial mask and further dynamic observation using active retention devices. The results of treatment showed an increase in the length of the anterior segment of the upper dental arch by 2.8±0.55 mm (p<0.05 mm); expansion in the area of temporary molars by 2.85±0.65 mm (p<0.05); in the area of permanent molars by 2.75±0.55 mm (p<0.05); in the area of the apical basis of HF by 3.82±0.45 mm (p<0.05). The length of the lower dental arch in the anterior segment has not changed. Analysis of TRG parameters showed a significant increase in the values of <ANB - by 1.55±0.52° (p<0.05); Wits - number by 2.85±0.45 mm (p<0.05); total anterior morphological height of the facial skeleton by 4.25±1.53 mm (p<0.05). As a result of the orthodontic treatment, the optimal position of the teeth, the shape of the dental alveolar arches, the inclination of the occlusal plane, and the improvement of the bite were achieved. Early orthodontic treatment made it possible to create favorable conditions and prepare the patient's occlusion for a change of teeth, to form dental alveolar arches, to reduce the degree of complexity of therapeutic measures that may be needed after the completion of skeletal growth.