The Use of Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation, High-Frequency Oscillatory Ventilation, and Surfactant for the Management of Intraoperative Acute Pulmonary Hemorrhage in Tetralogy of Fallot

Abstract

ACUTE MASSIVE PULMONARY HEMORRHAGE occurring intraoperatively during the repair or palliation of complex congenital cardiac defects is a rare entity and often is fatal. 1 Baden H.P. Li C.M. Hall D. et al. High frequency oscillatory ventilation in the management of infants with pulmonary hemorrhage after cardiac surgery. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth. 1995; 9: 578-580 Abstract Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (6) Google Scholar The authors report their experience in successfully managing acute massive pulmonary hemorrhage that occurred after the creation of a central shunt on cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) in a 2-month-old former premature infant with tetralogy of Fallot, hypoplastic main and branch pulmonary arteries, and an anomalous coronary artery across the right ventricular outflow tract. The authors used a combination of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, high-frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV), and surfactant to achieve a successful result.