The Use of Essential Oils and Their Isolated Compounds for the Treatment of Oral Candidiasis: A Literature Review.

Elba Dos Santos Ferreira,Simone Alves De Sousa,Edeltrudes De Oliveira Lima,Janaina De Cássia Orlandi Sardi,Carina Denny,Irlan Almeida Freires,Bruna Benso,Felipe Queiroga Sarmento Guerra,Pedro Luiz Rosalen,Ricardo Dias De Castro,Mohd Khan

doi:10.1155/2021/1059274

Abstract

In this literature review, we present the main scientific findings on the antifungal activity of essential oils (EOs) applicable for a new drug formulation to treat oral candidiasis. Seven literature databases were systematically searched for eligible in vitro and clinical trials. Selected articles were screened for biological activity, botanical species, phytochemical composition, study design, and methodological quality. A total of 26 articles were included in the review, of which 21 were in vitro studies and 5 clinical trials. The most promising EOs were obtained from Allium tubeorosum, Cinnamomum cassia, Cinnamomum zeylanicum, and Coriandrum sativum L. Among the phytochemicals, citral and thymol were the most active. Clinical trials indicated that the EOs from Pelargonium graveolens and Zataria multiflora are potentially effective to treat oral candidiasis. Further nonclinical and clinical studies with these EO are warranted to determine their potential use and safety for the treatment of oral candidiasis.

Highlights

Oral candidiasis is an infection caused by Candida spp. which manifests clinically as erythematous, ulcerated, sensitive white lesions, with soft consistency and easy removal, commonly affecting the palate, oral mucosa, tongue, or oropharynx [1]
We present the main scientific findings on the antifungal activity of Essential oils (EOs) and their isolated phytochemicals on Candida spp. commonly responsible for oral infections
A systematic screening of the articles was performed by two independent examiners according to the following inclusion criteria: (1) Biological activity: clinical effects of an EO-containing formulation on denture stomatitis or oral candidiasis in in vitro or clinical trials

Summary

Introduction

Oral candidiasis is an infection caused by Candida spp. which manifests clinically as erythematous, ulcerated, sensitive white lesions, with soft consistency and easy removal, commonly affecting the palate, oral mucosa, tongue, or oropharynx [1]. Due to the opportunistic pathogenicity of yeasts, oral candidiasis is more prevalent in immunocompromised individuals [2]. Direct adhesion of yeasts onto dental surfaces is a critical pathogenic factor for the onset of dental stomatitis. Yeast cells can co-aggregate with various bacterial species from the oral plaque and integrated into a robust biofilm pellicle on the surface of dentures. Oral biofilms can be considered microbial reservoirs and significantly affect the oral and systemic health of denture users [1, 3]

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