The use of electromyography in the diagnosis and treatment of anal sphincter dysfunctions

Abstract

Proper function of the anal sphincters largely depends on the integrity and efficiency of neural structures involved in controlling the maintaining stool and gas continence and compliant with the physiology and an individual’s will to empty the intestines. Nervous system disorders and injuries disrupt the bioelectrical activity of anal sphincters, the evaluation of which is important for both the treatment process and its outcomes. Electromyography, which is the only objective approach for assessing resting tone, the ability to maintain sphincter contraction and EMG biofeedback therapy, is the method of choice for assessing the bioelectrical activity of muscles. Electromyographic data significantly accelerate the diagnostic process and effective treatment implementation. If neurogenic aetiology of sphincter disorders is found, it is necessary to implement the rehabilitation process. The therapeutic approaches for neurogenic bowel dysfunction and stool or gas incontinence mainly include sphincter electrostimulation and/or biofeedback exercises, performed by patients at home, after training in the doctor’s office. The course of rehabilitation should be monitored as part of periodic follow-up EMGs.