The use of electrical conductivity measurements in the prediction of hydraulic conductivity of unsaturated soils

Abstract

Summary Statistical models have been widely used in soil science, hydrogeology and geotechnical engineering to predict the hydraulic conductivity of unsaturated soils. However, no effective method is available yet for the determination of the associated model parameters such as the tortuosity factor q. Considering the analogy between water flow and electrical current flow in a porous medium, in this study, we proposed to improve the predictive capability of statistical models by determining the tortuosity factor q using electrical conductivity (EC) measurements. We first developed a theoretical hydraulic–electrical conductivity (K–EC) relationship for unsaturated soils based on the bundle of capillary tubes model. This K–EC relationship was then used to form a new unsaturated soil EC model, which was verified using published experimental data. The tortuosity factor q can then be determined by fitting the new EC model to soil EC measurements. Experimental data of six soils were used to test the effectiveness of this method and it was shown that the prediction was significantly improved when compared with the one using the commonly suggested value q = 0.5. The associated root-mean-square-deviation (RMSD) between measurements and predictions is only 0.28 when q is obtained by using our proposed method. In contrast, the RMSD is 0.97 when q is simply assumed as 0.5.